The Great Plains, Our Summer Trip in 2021

The Great Plains

Our 2021 summer trip was to the Great Plains and focused on six states in which we have never camped.  Those states are Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming.   It was a long trip—five and a half weeks and over six thousand miles in our vehicle.

We were traveling in our NuCamp T@B 400.  It is a fine camper and I am happy to say it performed beautifully.  The only issue we had was that the air conditioner did not cool as much as we would like when in direct sun and 100 plus degrees in high altitudes.

Mountain View Campground in Sundance, Wyoming

It was a long trip, but was worth the effort because each state was beautiful and a joy to experience.  Also, our map of states we have camped in is filling up nicely.  So, we now have thirty-eight states.

States in which we have camped

National Parks

This Great Plains trip included four major National Parks:  Theodore Roosevelt, Yellowstone, Grand Tetons, and Badlands.  These iconic parks have been on my bucket list for a long time.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park

North Dakota’s Theodore Roosevelt National Park was our first encounter with the Badlands.  The desolate landscape of the Badlands was exquisite and was filled with creatures, great and small.  For example, we saw hundreds of bison and thousands of prairie dogs.

Bison at Theodore Roosevelt National Park

While in Medora visiting the Roosevelt National Park, we saw the Medora Musical.  It was a fantastic show and the best evening of our entire trip!  I am so glad we were able to see it.

The Medora Musical
Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone in Wyoming was the pinnacle of National Parks for us.  The park is enormous, encompassing 3,471 miles.  It has an abundance of wildlife, geysers, a Grand Canyon, rolling hills, rivers, and  lakes.  We completed the south loop, but did not have time to see the north loop.

Yellowstone National Park in the Great Plains
Mud Volcano in Yellowstone National Park
Grand Tetons National Park

Grand Tetons is a much smaller National Park at 485 square miles.  It is located directly south of Yellowstone in Wyoming .   We stayed in a Jackson Hole campground, which is in a deep valley surrounded by mountains.   There was not an abundance of wildlife, but it was breathtakingly beautiful.

Grand Tetons in the Great Plains
Grand Tetons Jackson Lake

Custer State Park

Custer State Park in South Dakota is large for a state park at 114 square miles and has all sorts of wildlife.  Two of the most exciting times on our trip occurred while at Custer.  Firstly, we had an up close and personal encounter with many bison when at the dump station.  After we left, they were all over the spot as you can see in the photo below.

Bison at Custer State Park

Secondly, we traveled through Needles Highway.  It is considered one of the most epic routes in South Dakota.  Portions of the highway only exist because workers in 1922 blasted holes through several solid granite “needles”.  The road is extremely twisty with multiple narrow tunnels.  I was on pins and “needles”, but my husband loved it.

He drove the Needles Highway

Great Plains Memorials and Monuments

The Great Plains has many iconic memorials and monuments.  So, we tried to see as many as possible.

It was so cool to see Mount Rushmore in South Dakota after seeing it in in photos or prints for so many years.

Mount Rushmore in the Great Plains
Mount Rushmore National Memorial

I hiked the 1.3 miles around the Devils Tower in Wyoming  and was able to enjoy some astonishing views.

Devils Tower in the Great Plains
Devils Tower

Wyoming’s Little Bighorn Battlefield was a sobering place to visit.  The countryside is very beautiful and it is sad to imagine all the lives lost in that famous battle.

Little Bighorn Battlefield
Little Bighorn Battlefield

The Crazy Horse Monument is near Mount Rushmore and is a work in process.  The vision for the completed monument is of epic proportions.

Crazy Horse Monument in the Great Plains
Crazy Horse Monument

Presidential Libraries

We tried to visit the Truman Library last year, but it was closed because of Covid and renovations.  While in Topeka, Kansas, we made a day trip to Independence, Missouri to see the library.  Truman was an amazing president and the newly renovated library was wonderful to visit.

Harry S Truman Presidential Library

Abilene, Kansas was a stop for us to see our next presidential library, the Eisenhower Library.  Unfortunately , it closed before we arrived because of a spike in Covid cases.  We did, however, walk the grounds.  Ike was an incredible president and I would love to know more about him.

Dwight D Eisenhower Library

Great Plains Capital Buildings and Museums

I love visiting capital buildings because of the history and architecture.  We saw the outside of three state capitals and toured one while in the Great Plains.

The museums we visited were all compelling in different ways.  Each contributed to an understanding of those earlier times in our history.

Capital Buildings

We took a tour of Nebraska’s capital building in Lincoln, which was completed in 1932.  It is a beautiful building with a very ornate foyer with arches, mosaics on the walls, and magnificent marble.

We checked out two other capital buildings (Bismarck, North Dakota and Topeka, Kansas), but it was on weekends and they were closed.

Nebraska State Capital
Moss Mansion

Moss Mansion Museum showcases a house built in 1903.  The cost of the home was $105,00 at a time when the national average cost was $5,000.  The home was extremely opulent and there is a room in the house that looks much like the Palace of Versailles.  It was used exclusively as the home of Preston Boyd Moss and his family until it became a museum.

Moss Mansion
Moss Mansion Museum in Billings Montana
Seelye Mansion

Seelye Mansion is an impressive old home built in 1904 in Abilene, Kansas.  It is still intact with all the original furnishings.  Most importantly, it has connections to a young Dwight D. Eisenhower.  The story of the home, its residents, and current ownership is fascinating.

Historic Seelye Mansion
Durham Museum

The Durham Museum in Omaha, Nebraska was delightful!  It is an old train station and has some actual old trains inside.  It was like a walk back in time to old movies I have seem.

The Durham Museum in Omaha, Nebraska
Hjemkomst Center

The Hjemkomst Center is actually in Moorhead, Minnesota.  But, it was less than ten miles from our campground in Fargo, North Dakota.    The centerpiece of the museum is a replica of an actual Viking ship dating back to 800 AD.  The ship was actually sailed to Norway and at great risk to those on board.    This museum is a must see, if in the area.

Hjemkomst Center in Moorhead, Minnesota
Fort Casper Museum

Fort Casper Museum is a replica of an actual fort and the original was key to the westward movement in the 1800s.  The fort is furnished as it was in those days. It is an educational and extremely interesting place to visit.  Also, check out those mountains in the background.   The area is so beautiful!

Fort Casper Museum in the Great Plains
Fort Casper Museum in Casper, Wyoming

Challenges of a Long Trip with a Puppy

Sophie, our puppy has been on several camping trips with us and is a great little traveler.  But, those trips were only two weeks long and did not involve more than two or three stops   This trip was five and a half weeks and twenty-two different campgrounds.

Not much room in our camper

Sophie was wonderful on the trip, but there was very little room in our camper.   As you can see in the photo above, dog and crate leave very little room for other inhabitants.  It was very, very close in our camper, but we managed.

Concern with puppy feet at 105 degrees

Also, we were traveling during a terrible heat wave.   Most days it was quite hot, but we encountered highs between 100-105 degrees a few days.  On one of the hottest days, we couldn’t let our pup walk on the ground because we were afraid it would burn her feet.  So, on stops that day, my husband had to carry her.

Dogs hiking in the Great Plains
Sophie with a Rover Sitter

Lastly, some of our activities could not include a dog.  We needed a dog sitter three times on our trip because we had to be away longer than we could leave her in the crate.  Fortunately, we had three excellent Rover sitters and our girl had some fun times.

Great Plains State Posts

Lastly, there is a separate post for each of our new states in the Great Plains.  If traveling to any of these areas, you might want to review.

Kansas, A New State on Our Long Summer Trip

Montana, a New State on our Long Summer Trip

Nebraska, a New State on Our Long Summer Trip

North Dakota, a New State on Our Summer Trip

South Dakota, a New State in Our Long Summer Trip

Wyoming, a New State on Our Long Summer Trip

In Conclusion

This was a trip of a lifetime for us and we thoroughly enjoyed it.  It was a long trip, but we saw so many beautiful and interesting places.

Happy Camping!

Retired couple

Solar Panels for Newbies, Access to New Places

Solar Panels for Dummies

We are brand new to solar panels and I must say, we do not have them totally figured out yet.  I am an “instructions gal” and usually can make sense of things by reading the instructions.  However, in the case of solar panels,  much of it may as well be in a foreign language.

I would love to read a post entitled “Solar Panels for Dummies”, but have not yet seen one for camper batteries.  So I am trying to learn enough to provide some basic language on the subject.

Why Solar Panels

It seems that most of the National Parks sites do not have electrical hookups.  Also, I am aware there are great places out west to boondock.  While we would love the camp in some of those places, we do like a few of the comforts that electricity provides.

We considered a generator, but they are not allowed at some campgrounds and the idea of hauling one around plus the fuel was not very appealing.  They can also be noisy.  We may eventually purchase a generator, but I want to fully understand solar first to see if it can meet our needs.

Our Equipment

A little background first:  we have a T@G MAX XL teardrop with the Norcold cooler.  (From reading posts on Facebook groups, I learned that the cooler really draws the amps.)  We knew that the Norcold could be an issue, but wanted to see firsthand how it would work.  So, we treated this first use as a learning experiment.

Some Basic Information

Amp Hour (Ah)

An Ampere (Amp) is a measure of the amount of energy stored in a battery.

A battery with a capacity of one amp could supply a current of one amp for one hour or two amps for 1/2 hour or 1/3 amp for three hours before becoming fully discharged.

A battery with 100 Ah would produce 5 amps over 20 hours, but if  discharged at a high rate like 50 amps in an hour, it would only last one hour because of the high rate of discharge.

Converting Watts to Amps/Amps to Watts

Watts = Amps x Voltage (12 If a 12 Volt Battery)

Amps = Watts / Voltage (12 If a 12 volt battery)

The Solar Panels

We purchased Zamp 80P solar panels and used them for the first time on a recent trip that ended in a National Park in Kentucky.    Zamp was chosen because the camper was already wired for it, they appear to be of high quality, and are 100% waterproof.

Zamp Solar Panels in case
Zamp Solar Panels in case

The photo below shows what the inside looks like when opened.  Inside is the controller, cord, and fold-out adjustable legs.  It also comes with an adapter to hook directly to a 12 volt battery, but we did not need it.

Zamp 80P Solar Panels
Zamp 80P Solar Panels

The Charging Environment

We had a one night stay in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and hooked up the panels, but we arrived late and left early the next day.  It was cooler there and the Norcold cooler did not have to run as much.  It was too short a time to really make an assessment.

The last two days of our trip was in Kentucky at Mammoth Cave Campground with no electricity.  We had a shaded site, but there was quite a bit of sun on the asphalt pull through.   We did not have an extension cord, but I can see the valve of having one in the future.  However, by moving the panels as the sun moved, we were able to get as high as 4.0 amps for part of the day.

It was Kentucky in the late summer, so it was predictably hot—low nineties in the day and low seventies at night.  The heat worsened the issues we had with the solar panels and the Norcold.  Cooler weather might have made a big difference.

Preserving the Battery

The 12 volt battery can be destroyed if allowed to go too low.  So, it is not a bad idea to have a voltage meter to monitor activity.  This link is for an inexpensive one that can be ordered from Walmart.  It plugs directly into the 12 volt receptacle on the inside and also the back of our T@G.   The solar panel controller also monitors battery voltage.

The table below shows the voltage and related state of charge for a 12 volt battery.  The battery should stay in the green zone to provide the longest life.   The Zamp controller will show the battery in a warning state if it dips below 12.5 volts.

Voltage and State of Charge

Set-Up

The  Zamp instructions stated that you must have the correct battery type indicated on the controller or you could damage your battery.  My husband tells me that ours is a wet battery and AGM is the default, so I had to change it.   The lower black button on the right on the controller changes the battery type.  Once you change the type, it retains the information.

Setting up the panels is very easy.  First, open the panels and pull out the legs.   Next, position the panels so they are directly facing the sun.  Then, plug the cord directly into the external receptacle on the driver’s side of the case that holds the battery and propane.  You must press it in firmly.  (See photo below). You are now ready to go.  As soon as the cord is plugged into the receptacle during daylight, the panels will begin working and the controller will begin displaying data.

Connecting to the battery
Solar panels plugged into camper
Cord plugged into camper receptacle

The Data

The controller has three lights that provide information about the charging status and three lights that reflect the condition of the battery.

In the photo below, charging is occurring (red light) and is providing a charge to the battery (blue light), and the battery voltage is above 12.5 volts (green light).  This is how the controller looked most of the time we were using the solar panels.

Zamp Controller
Zamp Controller

Below is a table from the manual that explains how to interpret what the lights mean that are on the controller.

Controller Table of Information
Controller Table of Information

Red Charging Status:   When receiving sunlight, the light is always red, however the light will flash when the solar panel is weak.  It is unlit if it is dark and there is no charging occurring.

Blue Charging Indicator:   This light is on when the battery is being charged.

Green Float Charge Indicator:   This light indicates that float charging is occurring.  It would mean that battery is fully charged and is being maintained at a safe level.  A wet battery is fully charged at 13.6 volts.  This light did not come on while we were using the panels.

Battery Condition Green:  Battery is above 12.5 Volts (+-0.2V).   For most of the time we were using our solar panels, this light was on.

Battery Condition Yellow:   Battery is below 12.5 Volts and above 11.5 Volts  (+-0.02V).  We saw the yellow light several times when the Norcold cooler was running.

Battery Condition Red:  Battery is below 11.5 Volts (+-0.02V).  Thankfully,  we did not see this light on during our usage of the panels.

Amp/Volt Button:   Pressing this button toggles between displaying the current battery voltage, the charging current, and charged capacity (Amp-hour).

Results on this Trip

On our first night, we only had a few hours of limited sunlight.  When the sunlight was greatly reduced and the Norcold was running, the yellow light came on.  We feared we would damage our battery if we ran the cooler or used the fan, so we turned off the power from the battery.

The next day, we had many hours of sunlight and were obtaining as much as  4 amps and I was hopeful we could run the fan that night.  We ran the Norcold all day, charged our electronics, and played music on the DVD using Bluetooth and music on my phone.  A couple of times in the hotter part of the day, the yellow battery light came on, but when the Norcold stopped running, the battery light would eventually move to green.

Monitoring the solar panels

However, when the sun was down, the battery light stayed yellow and there was no charge occurring.  Also, an (E) light was showing on the Norcold.  This appears to be a safety measure.  We felt our only choice was to turn off the power so we endured another hot night without the fan.

Load Analysis

As we clearly have issues trying to run the items we planned, a reader suggested that a load analysis would be helpful.   Below are the 12 Volt items in our camper and the amount of energy each uses in an hour.  There is also a column estimating the number of hours in a day they would be used and a projected daily total.

Because there are some solar options like solar power generators, I added a chart for items that we use when camping that run on 110.  We are a long way from such a solution, but I like knowing how much energy the items draw.

Camper Load Analysis
Camper Load Analysis

It is clear from reviewing the 12 volt list that the Norcold is a major energy hog,  claiming an estimated 43% of the total daily energy.  Converter amps would also be significantly lower without the Norcol, saving perhaps 8 amps.  If we use an ice chest instead of the Norcol, our estimated daily amps goes down to approximately 37.  This is a much more reasonable number, considering our current equipment.

Increasing Energy Capacity

There are several ways to increase energy capacity if not happy with amount of power the solar panels provide.

  • Increase battery capacity.  Our battery only provides only 65 amps, but the same brand produces a similar battery with 105 amps.  This would be a significant improvement over the current battery.  (The battery does weigh a little more than the current one.)
  • Change battery configuration to two 6 V batteries.  This works much better than 12 V for dry camping.  The 6 V’s have 600-700 life cycles as compared to the 12 V’s 100-150.   Amps would be ample at 180 or up to 220 amp hours per battery.   However, they are they are more expensive and it is likely modifications would be needed to make the two batteries fit in an existing camper.  They are taller than 12 V batteries, but have a similar footprint.  (A reader of this post stated they had great results using two 6 V batteries.)
  • Purchase higher solar panel wattage.  Our panels are 80 watts and can produce a max of 4.6 amps per hour.  This is not a lot of capacity if sunshine is limited.
  • Purchase a portable solar power generator.  This is a pricey option, but it enables the use of 110 items and also it would be a good item to have at home during power outages.  They are cleaner and safer than a generator. (I think I want one!).  Two brands appear to be dominant in the market, the  Inergy Kodiak and the Gold Zero Lithium Yeti System.  Each can charge with solar panels or a wall outlet.  A good comparison of the two systems can be found on YouTube.

Lessons Learned

While the solar panels did not provide adequate charging for our needs on this trip, I feel we can take what we have learned and make some changes for future success.   We will make the following changes next time we are dry camping.

  • Substitute a high-quality cooler for the Norcold.  We were fighting a losing battle trying to use the Norcold in ninety-degree weather.  The Norcold might work with the panels in a much cooler environment, but we will not be expecting to use it when dry camping in the future.
  • Purchase an extension cord for the panels.  It is clear that it would be handy in some situations.
  • (Perhaps) purchase a portable solar power generator.

I look forward to another opportunity to use the solar panels and will update this post on our resources  page with any new information.

Happy Camping!

Retired couple